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Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database management system developed
by Microsoft. As a database server, it is a software product with
the primary function of storing and retrieving data as requested by other software
applications—which may run either on the same computer or on another computer
across a network (including the Internet).
Microsoft markets at least a dozen
different editions of Microsoft SQL Server, aimed at different audiences and
for workloads ranging from small single-machine applications to large
Internet-facing applications with many concurrent users.
Enterprise
SQL
Server Enterprise Edition includes both the core database engine and add-on
services, with a range of tools for creating and managing a SQL Server cluster.
It can manage databases as large as 524 petabytes and address
12 terabytes of memory and supports 640 logical processors (CPU
cores).
Standard
SQL
Server Standard edition includes the core database engine, along with the
stand-alone services. It differs from Enterprise edition in that it supports
fewer active instances (number of nodes in a cluster) and does not include some
high-availability functions such as hot-add memory (allowing memory to be added
while the server is still running), and parallel indexes.
Web
SQL
Server Web Edition is a low-TCO option for Web hosting.
Business Intelligence
Introduced
in SQL Server 2012 and focusing on Self Service and Corporate Business
Intelligence. It includes the Standard Edition capabilities and Business
Intelligence tools: PowerPivot, Power View, the BI Semantic Model, Master Data
Services, Data Quality Services and xVelocity in-memory analytics.
Workgroup
SQL
Server Workgroup Edition includes the core database functionality but does not
include the additional services. Note that this edition has been retired in SQL
Server 2012.
Express
SQL
Server Express Edition is a scaled down, free edition of SQL Server, which
includes the core database engine. While there are no limitations on the number
of databases or users supported, it is limited to using one processor, 1 GB
memory and 10 GB database files (4 GB database files prior to SQL Server
Express 2008 R2). It is intended as a replacement for MSDE. Two
additional editions provide a superset of features not in the original Express Edition.
The first is SQL Server Express with Tools, which includes SQL
Server Management Studio Basic. SQL Server Express with Advanced
Services adds full-text search capability and reporting services.
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